Los Angeles Abrasion Test Machine
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Los Angeles abrasion test on aggregates is the measure of aggregate toughness and abrasion resistance such as crushing, degradation and disintegration. This test is carried out by AASHTO T 96 or ASTM C 131: Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine. The aggregate used in surface course of the highway pavements are subjected to wearing due to movement of traffic. When vehicles move on the road, the soil particles present between the pneumatic tyres and road surface cause abrasion of road aggregates. The steel rimmed wheels of animal driven vehicles also cause considerable abrasion of the road surface. Therefore, the road aggregates should be hard enough to resist abrasion. Resistance to abrasion of aggregate is determined in laboratory by Los Angeles test machine. The principle of Los Angeles abrasion test is to produce abrasive action by use of standard steel balls which when mixed with aggregates and rotated in a drum for specific number of revolutions also causes impact on aggregates. The percentage wear of the aggregates due to rubbing with steel balls is determined and is known as Los Angeles Abrasion Value.
The Los Angeles Abrasion Test is a commonly used method to measure the abrasion resistance and durability of coarse aggregates used in construction, such as crushed stone, gravel, and slag. The test is essential because aggregates in pavements and road construction are subject to wear due to traffic and environmental conditions.
The Los Angeles Abrasion Test Machine, also known as the LA Abrasion Test Machine, is the equipment used to perform this test. It consists of the following components:
- Drum: The main part of the machine is a hollow steel cylinder, typically with an inside diameter of about 710-735 mm and an inside length of about 510-520 mm. The drum is mounted horizontally and rotates at a specific speed during the test.
- Charge or Sample: The coarse aggregate specimen to be tested is usually dried to a constant weight and then placed in the drum. The sample size used is typically between 10,000 and 12,500 grams, depending on the grading of the aggregate.
- Abrasive Charge: A specific number of cast iron or steel spheres of a known diameter and weight are added to the drum along with the aggregate sample. The standard abrasive charge consists of 12 balls, each weighing around 390-445 grams and having a diameter of about 48 mm.
- Counter: The machine has an automatic counter that records the number of revolutions or rotations completed by the drum during the test.
- Motor and Drive System: The machine is powered by an electric motor that drives the rotation of the drum at a specified speed of 30-33 rpm (revolutions per minute).
- Control Panel: The control panel allows the operator to start and stop the test, as well as control the rotation speed of the drum.
Test Procedure:
- The dry sample of coarse aggregate is placed inside the drum, and the abrasive charge is added.
- The machine is started, and the drum rotates for a specified number of revolutions, typically 500 to 1000, depending on the testing requirements.
- After the specified number of revolutions, the machine is stopped, and the aggregate is removed from the drum.
- The aggregate is then sieved through a set of sieves to determine the amount of material worn away during the test.
Calculation:
The Los Angeles Abrasion Value is calculated as the percentage loss in weight of the aggregate compared to the original weight. The formula is:
Los Angeles Abrasion Value = ((A – B) / A) * 100
Where: A = Initial weight of the dry sample before the test (in grams) B = Final weight of the dry sample after the test (in grams)
The lower the Los Angeles Abrasion Value, the better the resistance of the aggregate to abrasion.
The Los Angeles Abrasion Test is an important tool for evaluating the quality and durability of aggregates and plays a significant role in determining their suitability for various construction applications.
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